Europe opts for solar energy and energy autonomy
A recently published study highlights Europe’s move towards solar energy and a decentralized electricity grid, emphasizing less dependence on imports. The research, conducted by ETH Zurich, the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and the Research Institute for Sustainability, introduces an approach that integrates citizens’ preferences into energy system planning in addition to technical and economic data.
Decision-making experiments in four European countries provided data for the study. By integrating preference data with existing energy system models, researchers predict which energy configurations people in Europe might choose. Tim Trondle of ETH Zurich explained that while energy system models have become more sophisticated, they risk missing the point if they ignore the social factors that drive real-world adoption.
The findings show that there is a clear preference for solar energy over wind, even when wind is the cheaper choice. Professor Johan Lilliestam of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg notes that, aside from costs, Europeans are pushing for an energy system rooted in solar energy, with more local generation and less imports. This shift is likely related to geopolitical events such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Other influences include opposition to concentrated generation and transmission infrastructure. The research shows that some technically cost-effective options – such as major transmission corridors – face resistance from citizens.
According to Franziska Mey of RIFS, taking citizens’ preferences into account in energy planning can result in solutions that are both technically feasible and publicly accepted. Integrating social insights can significantly influence energy decisions and inform government strategies.
The study advocates decision-making frameworks where public opinion is a variable in national and regional energy models. It also warns policymakers to go beyond economic optimization and take social acceptance into account to promote support. By bridging technical approaches and social reality, this work suggests that a more democratic, efficient and harmonious energy transition is achievable through active citizen participation.
Research report:Socially desirable and technically feasible: European citizens prefer solar energy and import independence over lower costs
