An international team of researchers has demonstrated a new solvent process for pure and very crystalline 2D perovskites, which they demonstrated in 2D/3D perovskiet solar cells. A NIP champion Perovskiet Zonnecel had a power conversion -efficiency of 25.9%, with 91% of the initial performance after 1,074 hours at 85 ° C with maximum Power Point Tracking.
After investigating the causes of degradation in 2D/3D Perovskiet solar cells, a team of international researchers, led by a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) team, developed a solutions based on two-dimensional (2D) Perovenkiet-Interlayer based on a new approach to Kristallinity. They discovered that their champion NIP device with a dopant-free hole transport layer showed performance similar to ultramodern reverse pin devices.
The main author of the study, Shaun Tan said PV -Magazine That 2D Perovskites “are supposed to be a barrier layer to protect the 3D -perovskiet layer”, but that “ironically, 2D perovskites can be even more vulnerable.”
Such findings motivated work on a more sustainable 2D interlayer by exploring a variety of mixed solvents for the formation of the intermediate layers and the improvement of device performance. The research was described in “Spontaneous formation of robust two -dimensional perovskiet phases“Published in Science.
“We have successfully grown pure and very crystalline 2D perovskites with the help of a simple method that we have made based on multi-components mixed solvents. We then show that having high-quality 2D perovskites is the key to robustness,” Tan said.
In the study, the Spiro-Tomad Hole transport layers (HTLs) used to use 4-Tert butylpyridine (TBP) and Lithium bis (trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (Litfsi). This was to prevent known causes of breakdown problems, especially at higher temperatures.
The solar cell pile included gold (AU), Spiro-Meotad, 2D Perovskiet, 3D Perovskiet, tin-dioxide and fluorine-doted tinoxide (FTO).
The 3D-Perovskiet was a fapbi3-based composition (FA, Formamidinium) with added Macl and Mapbbr3 (MA, Methylammonium) for improved crystallization and surplus LEad Jodide (PBI2), according to the researchers.
In addition, all devices in the study benchmarked with conventional halogenide perovskiet cells with NIP structure became. The NIP architecture illuminated by the side (ETL) side of the electron transport layer, while the inverted or PIN structure is illuminated by the hole transport layer (HTL) surface. Earlier research into NIP devices generally had poorer stability than their reverse pin opposites.
These devices were tested using standard tests. “We have included our baseline control 2D/3D device under full spectrum 1-Sun lighting with ultraviolet (UV) in a nitrogen atmosphere,” the scientists said. The champion apparatus based on chemical Bad-Bad-decorated SNO2 (CBD-SNO2) indeed had a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.9%, with 91% after 1,074 hours of 1-Sun am 1.5 g lighting With ultraviolet (UV) included And the use of maximum power point tracking.
Looking ahead, Tan indicated plans for further 2D and mixed solvent developments. “There is a huge library of 2D Perovskites. The possible combinations of mixed solvents are also practically unlimited. We are delighted to see how our method can be extensively outside our work,” Tan said.
The research team included scientists from Sungkyunkwan University in South Korea, Marmara University in Turkey and the American Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) of the US Department of Energy.
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