Scientists in Germany report a method to stimulate the performance of perovskite solar cells made with laminated carbon electrodes that are compatible with typical hole transport layers.
Researchers from the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems Isee (Fraunhofer ISE) in Germany have shown that a solvent treatment of laminated carbon top electrodes in three -sided Kation Perovskiet solar cells improves performance, making carbon electrodes poet A metal metal electrodes.
“Op koolstof gebaseerde elektroden zijn veelbelovend voor perovskiet zonnecellen omdat ze niet reageren met mobiele ionen. Voor metaalelektroden is deze reactie een hoofdprobleem die de stabiliteit van het apparaat beperkt,” Markus Kohlstaedt, teamleider Perovskite dunne-film photovoltaics onderzoek bij Fraunhofer ISE, verteld, verteld PV -Magazine.
“The advantage of a lamination process compared to the direct printing of the carbon electrode is that it is a solvent -free process: this makes carbon deposits compatible with a wide range of functional materials, including hole transport layers (HTL),” said Kohlstaedt.
To be successful with the alternative approach, the researchers had to overcome challenges, such as the tendency of the mescoating to damage cargo of transport layers, typical Spiro -Toometad, as a result of incompatibility of solvents and the tendency of laminated carbon (LMC) electrodes to show raised series resistance.
“We were able to considerably raise the electrical properties of the carbon electrode through a solvent treatment after lamining. This helps to alleviate the material and achieve better electrical contact when re -exercising pressure. After this process we observe a nice compact carbon layer, while the original layer contained many voids,” explained Kohlaedt.
The cell of the team was based on mixed-halide triple cation perovskietbsorberslagen, in particular cesium iodide (CSI), methylammonium bromide (mabin) and formamidinium iodide (Fai) lead Jodide (PBI2), known as Fa0.85mma0.1cs0.15ma0.
Four device types were manufactured to test the approach: a carbon-free carbon-free to display the basic cell base line of the basic carbon of carbon perovskiet; LMC without HTL to reveal the effect of only lamining; LMC with Spiro-Toometad to test compatibility with sensitive cargo transport layers; And gold (au) on Spiro-Toometad as a benchmark.
The researchers discovered that LMC electrodes made open circuit tensions possible up to 1.08 V and Lage Hysteresis. That result was further improved by applying a solvent treatment to the LMC, which “considerably” reduced the series resistance by reducing the skin and contact resistance at the same time.
The results were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, dark lock -in thermography (DLIT) measurements and simulations. “Under the tested solvents, O-Xylene yielded the best performance, with treated LMC devices that achieved efficiency of 18.9% (reverse scan) and 18.7% (forward scan), which approached gold-based references,” the researchers noted.
Further performance buyers were realized by improving the electron transport layer, which means that LMC -based perovskite can reach solar cells up to 20.4% compared to 21.4% for gold -based counterparts.
The research appears in “Tuning porosity in laminated carbon electrodes via solvent treatment makes> 20% efficient perovskite solar cells possible“In Solar RRL.
“We are now coming close to a situation in which we have overcome the disadvantages of carbon electrodes compared to metal electrodes, namely lower power conversion -efficiency,” said Kohlstaedt. “I am very optimistic that this device architecture can now completely unfold their chances in order to be very easily processed by coating/printing processes under environmental conditions and by being the most stable electrode material available for perovskite solar cells.”
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